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General
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| History |
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Yuan
Dynasty (1271-1368)
By the mid-thirteenth
century, the Mongolians under the leadership of Kublai Khan, the grandson
of Genghis Khan, had conquered north China, Korea, and the Muslim kingdoms
of Central Asia, and had even penetrated Europe twice. Even before eliminating
the Song, Kublai Khan had already established the Yuan Dynasty, the first
foreign dynasty in China, in 1279. With his vast resources, he drove away
the last of Southern Song and China was then completely his.
Under the
rule of the Mongolians, the Chinese became third and fourth class citizens.
The first class citizens were naturally the Mongols, followed by their
Central Asian allies. The third class went to the northern Chinese while
the fourth and final class went to the southern Chinese.
The Chinese
dissatisfaction for the Mongolian government spawned a new line of rebels.
Among the many groups, the Red Turbans, which was lead by Zhu Yuanzhang,
successfully toppled the Mongols and once again restored the Chinese rule
under the Ming Dynasty.
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